

























































- - - _ __ ; 

. library of congress. 

^ ' 0 I 

: ^ Chap..... Copyright No,.... 

■ Shel£2j_G fc 4- 

*JNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 














V- 

S\ 



» •VI* 

C 


NB;=-'*’ :.J|i; riv'v . 

. .c- -/• --N :,.► ■■ 


. A 


*- - ^ ^ ♦ 


ffc. 



iv 


rr r f! ">■ , a,-* ■''‘^' ' *^'''J'^•^‘ ‘ 


• >■■ 




J^'% _ * jnj. 

ri^ -f;; 

^ T?»- 



. 1 ^ 





'ifS 


ri|% 


“ ^ -V^*’ :•. ■„ ', -■ •-= « \..^‘ , rjcf.' 




■■ ' •■ ^'■- /*■ .■i'^i ’ iV ‘ ' -'y-Q •: ; ■ 

v'r'- .. •■ '^•'''“ * ■• " Jb-.'■•.•' - 





jVvKiL^ » / •* 

i**V ' 




'•■V., 


.T la’cji .. ■ 




■*>. 







TTi-ii-sr ■' “'aP:'>’ 4 •- ■■'. '< ’-Hf- “ 

. , ■ * -^r-. Jj'’ ■«• .>■ 


-,■..■/>'• 3 N^. 

i. * ' v '"j| - J 


. 4 ^. 




/i ’>4 *■ 

X. 4 '*w . 




•t-* 


^ V- 


' ' f* rf.- ■ ‘ •* •'. JBCH® 

**y-i*.i ^■•'j .. ' V- s\j3^®53I 

*' ■'Vf'’^ - '■^^‘-V?: ■ >xy ^igg£ ,{ 









i ^ 


f 


I 


>« 




r. 


* 




# f 


« 

! 


t 


« 






s. 


I 


p« 


/ • 


I 



• •« 



* 


/ 



' ’ V' 


k. 


h 



t 


% 




I 


r 


% 


% 


\ 


I 


% 

I 




i 


fr 




.1 




^4 


r 


f ••♦ 


I 



THE YOUNG CITIZEN 


CHARLES F. DOLE 

M 

AUTHOR OF 


THE CITIZEN’S CATECHISM 

TALKS ON CITIZENSHIP (HELPS TO THE STUDY OF THE CATECHISM) 

THE AMERICAN PATRIOT, 

ETC., ETC, 


ISSUED BY 

THE PATRIOTIC LEAGUE 

ORGANIZED TO PROCLAIM THE NECES¬ 
SITY FOR SYSTEMATIC INSTRUCTION IN CITIZEN¬ 
SHIP, INTHESCHOOLS AND OUT OF THEM; TO CULTIVATE 
THE KNOWLEDGE OF AMERICAN PRINCIPLES, LAWS, HISTORY AND 
PROGRESS, AND TO INSTIL AMERICAN IDEAS INTO THE 
MINDS AND HEARTS OF AMERICANS, NATIVE AND 
ADOPTED, OF BOTH SEXES AND ALL AGES, 

SECTS AND PARTIES 



NEW YORK 

THE PATRIOTIC LEAGUE 

1899 


1 






V 


‘^.‘5149 


“OUR COUNTRY” SERIES 

PUBLISHED BY 

THE PATRIOTIC LEAGUE 

THE CITIZEN’S CATECHISM by Charles F. Dole, revised by many 
eminent social and political scientists. Cloth, 35 cts., paper 10 cts. 

TALKS ON CITIZENSHIP (Helps to the study of The Citizen’s 
Catechism) by Charles F. Dole. Cloth 50 cents. 

THE AMERICAN PATRIOT by Charles F. Dole. Cloth 75 cents. 

THE YOUNG CITIZEN ((Questions and Answers for small children 
and older persons) by Charles F. Dole. Cloth 35 cents. 

STORIES FOR LITTLE CITIZENS by Bolton Hall, John R. Com¬ 
mons, Professor of Political Science in Syracuse University and 
Miss Jennie B. Merrill, Supervisor of New York City public 
kindergartens. Several volumes are in preparation. Cloth, 35 cts. 

MUNICIPAL AFFAIRS by John R. Commons, Professor of Political 
Science in Syracuse University. Cloth 75 cents. 

THE NEW CITY (in course of preparation) by Officers and 
Instructors of the Patriotic League and by Officers of the Govern¬ 
ment of the City of New York under the direction of the Com¬ 
missioners of several Departments, gives some understanding 
of the history of the development of a great city and of the 
practical operations of city government. 

OUR COUNTRY, monthly magazine of the Patriotic League, 
published at 230 West 13th St., New York, ten months in the year, 
is $2 a year, sample copy 10 cents, sent free to active members 
of the Patriotic League. The above described books are 
published serially, and others will follow on law, biography, 
history and other matters pertaining to intelligent citizenship. 

THE PATRIOTIC LEAGUE is chartered to promote the cause of 
systematic instruction in citizenship. Membership is open to all. 
It furnishes to active members through OUR COUNTRY 
free of charge, a three years course of instruction in citizenship. 
Active members pay annual dues $ 1.50, in chapters of 10 or more 
members, $ i each. Members of the Alpha Chapter pay $ 5 or 
more a year. 



COPYRIGHT, 1899, BY THE PATRIOTIC LEAGUE 



















CONTENTS 


Preface . 5 

Precept and Practice. 6 

Principles of American Citizenship . 8 

The Young Citizen’s Pledge. q 

The Things which belong to All of Us.. 11 

Why we have Schools and Teachers. 13 

Who are Citizens. 14 

Patriots. 15 

Dangers to Our Country . 17 

Traitors to Our Country . 18 

The Peoples Over the Sea. 19 

Our Watchmen. 20 

Our Courts. 21 

Punishments. 22 

Defenders of the City. 23 

The Mayor. 24 

The City Council. 26 

The Money of the City . 27 

Our State 


29 





















4 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 

Our Lawmakers. 30 

Our Nation . 33 

Our President. 35 

Our Congress. 37 

Our National Courts . 39 

Our Liberties . 40 

How to Prevent Wars .■. 41 

Our Flag . 43 

Flag Salute . 43 

Seal of the United States .. 44 

Flag Notes.!. 46 
















PREFACE 

This brief manual is intended for use among the 
younger children in our public schools, many of whom 
are likely never to have any careful instruction about the 
government of their city, the State and the Nation, of 
which they will soon be invested with all the duties and 
privileges of citizenship. The simple questions and an¬ 
swers, touching matters quite familiar to the child’s mind, 
are meant to suggest and illustrate the great principles 
which really underlie “government by the people and for 
the people.” It is hoped that the questions will thus 
help the teachers to easy and interesting half-hours of 
conversation with the pupils about subjects which con¬ 
cern every child’s life. If the answers are first thoroughly 
understood, it will not be an unprofitable exercise for the 
class to recite a group of them at a time from memory. 
The teacher will be careful never to allow this to become 
mere task-work, or to degenerate into a dull routine. 
The essential condition of success is the fresh and intelli¬ 
gent interest of the pupils, to secure which, the nature 
of the subject ought to make this a pleasure for teacher 
and pupils alike. 


CHARLES F. DOLE. 









PRECEPT AND PRACTICE 


PUBLISHER’S NOTES 

The Patriotic League does not hope to see Ameri¬ 
can citizenship rise to the plane of perfection simply by 
means of teaching the words or the thoughts contained 
in the precepts of morality, but by daily and constant 
training of the children in the application of right princi¬ 
ples to their actions, whether at play or work, in the 
school or wherever they may be. Necessary to such 
training is a successful presentation of right principles, to 
produce whieh has been the aim of Mr. Dole and other 
Patriotic League instructors. To aid in the training and 
practice of the principles of morality and good citizen¬ 
ship, the President of the Patriotic League has devised 
the ‘‘Gill School City,” and in conjunction with this the 
**School State” and “School Republic,” not for oc¬ 
casional diversion, but for constant use. 

In this and other work, the Patriotic League 
has. had valuable assistance from the Mayor and the 
Departments of Education, Civil Service, Health. Street 
Cleaning, Public Charties and Police of the City of New 
York. 

For many of the illustrations used in this little book 
and other publications, the Patriotic League is under 
grateful obligations to James T. White & Co., publishers 
of The Encyclopaedia of American Biography; and the 
editors of the Review of Reviews^ Herald, Press, World 
and JournaL 


7 


THE YOUNG CITIZEN 


The series of “Our Country** Books of which this 
little book is one, is issued under the authority of the 
following named men and women who are officers of 

THE PATRIOTIC LEAGUE 

GENERAL OFFICERS and EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 

WILSON L. GILL, Pres. 230 W. 13th St. N.Y, RUFORD FRANKLIN 

Mrs. MARf^LOWE DICKINSON LASALLE A. MAYNARD 

JOHN WINTHROP HEGEMAN JOHN LEWIS CLARK 

COUNCIL: 

ABRAM S. HEWITT, Ex-Mayor of N. Y. O. O. HOWARD, Maj. Gen. U. S. A. 

EDWARD EVERETT HALE JAMES A. BEAVER. Ex-Gov. of Pa. 

DORMAN B. EATON, Ex U. S. Civil Service Commissioner 

ADVISORY BOARD: 

JOSIAH STRONG, Gen. Sec. Ev. Alliance WM. McKINLEY, President of the U. S. 

FRANCIS E. CLARK, Father ofChr. End. Mrs. MARY A. LIVERMORE 

R. S. MAC ARTHUR, Calvary Baptist Church Gen.T. J. MORGAN, Ex-Ind. Com. 

ISIDOR STRAUS, Ex-Congressman, N. Y. WM. H. P. FAUNCE, 5th Av. Baptist Church 
Col. EDMUND RICE, U. S. A Rabbi GUSTAV GOTTHEIL JACOB A. RMS 

GEO. E. WARING, JR., New York Commissioner of Street Cleaning 
THEODORE ROOSEVELT, Assistant Secretary of the Navy 
HERBERT WELSH, Pres. Natl. Indian Rights Association 
WILLIAM A. GILES, Civic Federation, Chicago 

EDUCATIONAL COMMITTEE: 

WALTER L. HERVEY, President N. Y. Teachers’ College 
MERRILL EDWARD GATES, President Amherst College 
P, V. N. MYERS, Dean Univ. of Cin. JAMES MAC ALISTER, Pres. Drexel Ins’te 
THOMAS M. BALLIET, Supt. Schools, Springfield. Mass. 

LIFE MEMBERS: 

JOHN JAY,* R FULTON CUTTING, WILLIAM E. DODGE, GEORGE D. MACKAY, 
WILLIAM IVES WASHBURN, FRANK RUSSELL, HENRY B. HAMMOND,* Mrs. JOHN 
L. GILL, DANIEL B. WESSON, JOHN A. CASS, HENRY B. METCALF, JOHN J. 
McCOOK, ELLIOT F. SHEPARD,* Mrs. ESTHER HERRMAN. * Deceased. 

LEAGUE INSTRUCTORS: 

CHARLES F. DOLE 

JAMES ALBERT WOODBURN, Indiana University 
JOHN R. COMMONS and JAMES H.HAMILTON, Syracuse University 
FREDERIC W. SPEIRS, Drexel Institute 
M. L. DE LUCE, University of Cincinnati 
HENRY M. LEIPZIGER, Assistant Supt. N. Y. Public Schools 
MRS. KATE B. SHERWOOD MISS JANE M. SLOCUM 

ALBERT SHAW, Editor “ Review of Reviews" 

FRANK BERGEN KELLEY, City History Club 
A. B. WOODFORD, University of the City of New York 
WM. JAY SCHIEFFELIN, N. Y. City Civil Service Commissioner 
WM. C. ROBINSON, Yale College and Catholic University of America 
GEORGE W. KIRCHWEY, FRANCIS M. BURDICK, FRANKJ. GOODNOW, 
DELOS F. WILCOX and MILO R. MALTBIE, 

Columbia University 










PRINCIPLES OF AMERICAN CITIZENSHIP 

AS TAUGHT BY 

THE PATRIOTIC LEAGUE 

Whatsoever ye would that men should do to you, do ye even so to them. 

WE BELIEVE, i. In the principles of the Declaration of 
Independence—That all men are created equal; that 
they are endowed by their Creator with certain in¬ 
alienable rights; that among these are life, liberty 
and the pursuit of happiness. 

2. That good character, helpful kindness to all creatures 

and civic intelligence are the basis of true citizenship. 

3. That the public, in assuming the education of children, 

becomes responsible to them not only for physical, 
industrial, mental and moral culture, but also for 
special training, to the end that they shall be most 
happy, useful and patriotic while children, and be 
intelligent and faithful citizens. 

4. That it is our duty to consecrate ourselves to the ser¬ 

vice of our country, to study the history and prin¬ 
ciples of our Government, to faithfully discharge 
all obligations of citizenship, to improve our laws 
and their administration, and to do all which may 
fulfil the ideal of the founders of our Republic—a 
government of the people, for the people and by 
the people, of equal rights for all and special priv¬ 
ileges for none—and to the maintenance of such 
a government we mutually pledge to one another 
our lives, our fortunes and our sacred honor. 

5. That we should endeavor to lead others to under¬ 

stand, accept and extend these principles and to 
uphold and defend the institutions of our country. 




THE YOUNG CITIZEN’S PLEDGE 


OF THE 

PATRIOTIC LEAGUE 


I am a CITIZEN of AMERICA and HEIR to all her 
Greatness and Renown. 

As the health and happiness of my body depend upon 
each muscle and nerve and drop of blood doing its work 
in its place, so the health and happiness of my country 
depend upon each citizen doing his work in his place. 
1 will not fill any post, or pursue any business where 1 
shall live upon my fellow-citizens without doing them 
useful service in return; for I plainly see that this must 
bring suffering and want to some of us. 

As it is cowardly for a soldier to run away from the 
battle, so it is cowardly for any citizen not to contribute 
his share to the well-being of his country. America is 
my own dear land; she nourishes me, and I will love 
her and do my duty to her, whose child, servant and 
civil soldier I am. 

1 will do nothing to desecrate her soil, or pollute her 
air, or to degrade her children, who are my brothers and 
sisters. I will try to make her cities beautiful and her 
citizens healthy and glad, so that she may be a most 
desirable home for her children in days to come. 

I accept the Principles of American Citizenship, as 
taught by the Patriotic League, for my own and I will 
do the best I can to live and act by them every day. 



.’•.""V^' --•«.■» .5-vjT- 

’*% “- yi^^r*"”- ’I* * . • » 
















, ' Vd « 
V«-% ^:/JA^ ' 


'•Ar/ '^- 


r-^ 



>.i 


.r -<■ / 



r . 

m pC& . .A 

Yt 



•' 


• ’ • 



. - ^ 

' 


- i: A 

•f 


_ 4 



a j -s 

-■ 'l-'ixl'^ 

v"-. /"'■ .’'> a’- J'-^' 

l^r- y-- ■• • ., 


4 • • 

7 . ^v 






' * “V'*'* . 
y^-v-r. ' 













^'^’’'^V.rv*^** 




/o' r v:.y- • 


,,yk -C^t'v .'^. -‘^i, . 


__I 5 * 





/»- > r ^^ 1 *- 

^M. » i. ' 



• ".f^' ‘‘f ,C - ■- <C.'.’-‘:^^ ^ 




•. -C' L 


■jil ■•- 7% f .■“• - t*kV* i* -t ♦i #*■*• t- : J* ,. itl 


.«i 



The Great Seal of the United States 


THE YOUNG CITIZEN 


THE THINGS WHICH BELONG TO ALL OF US 

I. To whom do our school-house and all the other 
school-houses belong ? 



Bridge over Harlem River, New York City 


The school-houses belong to all the people—to our 
fathers and mothers, and to the children. 

Ask the children to name as many things as they can which belong to all the people. 
I I 










12 


THE YOUNG CITIZEN 



New York Grammar School No. 42, with play ground on the roof 


2. Who pays for the schools and all the rest of the com¬ 

mon property ? 

The people pay the cost out of 
the labor of all.— 

3. What sort of care ought we 

to take of the things which 
we all own in common ? 

We ought to try to keep every¬ 
thing clean, tidy ajid in order. 

We ought not to waste or destroy anything. ^ 

Show the children in -what ways they can help to take good care of our common 
property, for example, the school-houses and school-books, the streets, the side 
walks, the street lamps, the parks, etc. > 






























































































THE YOUNG CITIZEN 


15 


WHY WE HAVE SCHOOLS AND TEACHERS 

4- Do you know any of the persons whom the city em¬ 
ploys and pays? 

The city employs our teachers and pays their salaries. 

5. What are our teachers for ? 

Our teachers’ work is to help us learn. 

6. What great thing does the city expect of the teach¬ 

ers ? 

The city expects our teachers to be the children’s 
friends. 

7. What does the 

city expect of 
the children ? 

The city expects 
the children to be 
the teachers’ friends 
and to help them to 
teach. 

8. How can children help their teachers? 

The children c«n help their teachers by attention, 
obedience and good temper. 

Illustrate how this may be. 

9. Why do all the people pay money to support schools 

and pay for teachers ? 

It is for the good of all that everyone should have an 
education. 

10. Why is it so important to educate the children? 

So that they may make good citizens and keep our 
country safe. 




















14 


THE YOUNG CITIZEN 


WHO ARE CITIZENS 

11. Who are the citizens in America ? 

AH the people who were born in the United States 



and foreign-born people who have been naturalized. 

Ask the children how many of them were born in this country, and how many 
were born in other countries. Ask if their fathers and mothers were born in this 
country. Ask if their fathers vote on election days. 



12. What beautiful things do we 

try to do in America for 
strangers and foreigners ? 

We give strangers a welcome 
and make them American citizens 
with us, if they wish it. 

13. Why ought we to give 

strangers a welcome to 
America ? 

Either we or our forefathers 
once came here as strangers. 


Penn’s Treaty 


Tell the story of the Colonists, for instance, those 
who came over in the Mayflower, and of Wm. Penn. 







THE VOUXG CITIZEN 


PATRIOTS 


14. What sort of citizens do we need ? 

We need men and women who know how to earn 
their living. 

15. Why 

When people do not earn 
their living, others have to 
work harder to support 
them. 

16. What else do we need 

in good citizens ? 

We want our American 
citizens to be honest and 
fair. 

17. What kind of children make kiirand honest citizens 

The children who are fair in their games and their 
trades with one another; the children who are unselfish 
and tell the truth will make fair and honest citizens. 

18. What else do we want in 
our American citizens ? 

We want kind and generous 
citizens; we want people who 
are willing to help one another. 

19. What kind of children will 
make such citizens ? 

Kind, generous and helpful 
children will make kind and 
Washington genei'ous citizens. 







i6 


THE YOUXG CITIZEN 


\ 

20. What great American can you name who was true 

and honest and kind and generous when he 
was a boy } 

George Washington. 

See what the children know about Washington. 

Tell them stories to illustrate what kind of boy and 
man he was. 

21. Name another great American 

citizen } 

Abraham Lincoln. 

Help the children to see what a noble man Lincoln 
was. 

22. Name any other good American 

citizens. Name any good 
and generous citizens who have lived in our 
city. Tell what they have done.^ 



23. What do we call a good citizen like Washington! 


We call him a patriot. 



Statue of Chane., Loaion Common 


24. What do we mean 
by the word 
patriot? 

We mean a person 
who loves his country 
with all his heart, and 
who tries to serve it. 

2> Can children be pa¬ 
triots } 

Yes, certainly, they 
can love their country 
•'with all their hearts, and 
they can help make it 
safe. 










THE YOUNG CITIZEN 


17 


DANGERS TO OUR COUNTRY 

26. Is not our country very strong and safe from all 

dangers ? 

America is very strong, buti'. is not altogether safe. 

27. What dangers threaten our country } 

There are ignorant citizens who hardly know how to 
do anything well. There are idie people who will not 
work, but who want others to support them. Such 
people are a danger to our country. 

28. What harm do the ignorant and idle people do.^ 
They do the same kind of harm to the country that 

lazy and ignorant boys do in a game of football. For ex¬ 
ample, suppose the boys were so stupid as not to choose 
one of their best players for captain. 

29. What other dangers are there beside the lazy and 

ignorant people 

Careless, wasteful and extravagant people are danger¬ 
ous; so are people who spend their money for intoxicat¬ 
ing drinks. 

30. Why are such people dangerous to our country ? 
Besides other reasons, they are apt to waste the peo¬ 
ple’s money. 

31. Is it right for people to waste their own money 

No. For the money comes out of the work and the 
skill of all. Whoever wastes it makes the country 
poorer. 

Show how a bad or wasteful habit, as, for instance, the cigarette habit, weakens 
the strength and health. The Nation wants strong men. Bad habits enfeeble its men 
and women. 



This cane was a gift from Dr. Franklin 






TRAITORS TO OUR COUNTRY 


32. What other very dangerous people are there besides 

the ignorant, idle and wasteful ? 

There are some people who break the laws, injure 
their fellow citizens or steal their property. Those also 
steal who get their wealth unfairly. 

33. What harm do such people do to all of us? 

They make our homes less safe. They compel all the 
rest of the people to work harder to make up for the 
harm they do. 

34. How do we describe the people who break the 

laws of the land ? 

We call them mean and selfish. 

35. What IS the opposite of a patriot ? A traitor. 

36. Who is a traitor ? 

One who betrays the honor or interests of his country? 

Tell the story of any traitor, as, for example, Benedict Arnold. 

37. What kind of children threaten to become traitors to 

our country ? 

Children who are false, mean and selfish stand in dan¬ 
ger of being traitors to our country. 

18 





















American Line Steam Ship “St. Louis.” 

Built in Philadelphia in 1895, Length 554 feet, 11,629 Tons 
The “ St. 1 au* is like the “ St. Louis” 


THE PEOPLES OVER THE SEA 

38. Has our country any dangerous enemies besides bad 

citizens? 

America, probably, has no dangerous enemies abroad. 

39. What makes our country safe from harm from across 

the seas ? 

We are safe because we are strong and we wish to do 
no harm to any other people. We wish to be friends 
with all men. 

40. What is the kind of man whom we admire most? 
We admire the man who is so strong that no one 

wants to fight with him, so just that every one respects 
him and so kind that he does not want to hurt anyone. 

41. What kind of Nation do we in America want to be ? 
We want to be strong and fair and friendly, all at the 

same time. 



19 




20 


THE YOUNG CITIZEN 


OUR WATCHMEN 

42. How many in the class know any of the policemen ? 



43. Who pay the policemen ? 

All the people have to pay for the 
police. 

44. What kind of man makes a 

good policeman.^ 

A strong, brave, watchful, honest 
and faithful man. 

45. Can you think of anvthing else 

that he should be } 

He should be kind and good- 
tempered. 

46. Why should a policeman be 

brave.? Why should he 
be honest and faithful.? 
Because he has to guard our lives, 
our homes and our property.? 


47. Why should he be friendly and good-tempered.? 
Because he has to take good care for women and for 

little children and for those who are helpless. 

48. May he be ugly to drunken and criminal people 

whom he arrests ? 

No. He must remember that “a man is a man for a’ 
that.” 

49. Should we need many policemen if people did not 

get drunk and injure one another.? 

We should need very few. 








THD YOUXG CITJZEX 


2 I 


OUR COURTS 

50. Where do the police take the people whom they 

arrest ? 

They lock them up in the station house, in jail or in 
prison. 

51. What right may a man claim whom the police have 

arrested, before he can be locked up in prison? 
He has a right to a fair and speedy “trial,” to see if 
he is really guilty. 

52. What is the place called where a man is “tn^d ” ? 

He is tried in one of the courts. 

53. Who is at the head of a court? 

A judge. 

54. What sort of a man ought the 

judge to be ? 

The judge ought to be a perfectly 
fair man. 

55. Who help the judge to get at 

the truth ? 

Lawyers and witnesses. 

56. What sort of men ought these to be ? 

They ought to be truthful men. 

57. Who decide at last whether the man ought to be 

punished ? 

A jury of twelve men must all agree that the man is 
guilty, before he can be punished. (In some cases the 
judge decides). 

38. What is required of the jurymen ? 

They must not decide against a man unless they are 
sure that he is guilty. 

The teacher can perhaps illustrate the forms of the trial in some simple case that ■ 
arises among the children. 



















New York City Prison, built on the site of “ The Tombs" 
There are 320 cells. It cost $750,000 


PUNISHMENTS 

59. What is the use of sending a guilty man to jail ? 

One use is to keep him from doing more harm. An¬ 
other is to help him become a good citizen. 

60. Ought a harmful man ever to be let out from prison, 

to hurt and injure others ? 

Probably not, unless he shows signs that he is ready 
to become a good citizen. 

61. What do the courts do besides trying the persons 

whom the police arrest? 

They help decide disputes; for instance, about prop¬ 
erty and about keeping the promises which men make 
to one another. 

22 
















































THE YOUNG CITIZEN 


23 


DEFENDERS OF THE CITY 

62. Do you know any of the firemen or other men who 

work foi the city ? 

63. What do the firemen do ? 

64. What sort of a man is needed for a fireman ? 

The fireman should be strong, skilful, brave, prompt 
and faithful. 

65. What else should he be } 

The fireman should be kind also. 

66. Why should a fireman be kind } 

He should be kind for the sake of his horses, and also 
because he has often to save life. 

67. Why should he be prompt? 

Because promptness is a part of honest service, and 
because the loss of a moment may give the fire a chance 
to grow dangerous. 

68. What do we ask of all the servants of the city ? 

That they should be faithful and do the work of the 

city as if it were their own work. 

69. Why should they do the public work as well as if it 

were their own ? 

Because it is the work of all of us; if then their work 
is not honest and faithful, all the people suffer loss and 
peril. 

Show this of the Health officers; and also of the Water and Street Department. 








24 


THE YOUNG CITIZEN 


THE MAYOR 

70. Who is the chief servant of the city 
The Mayor. 

71. What does the Mayor do 

His office is to look after the good of 
the city. He is a sort of superintend¬ 
ent of the whole city, and he selects 
its principal officers. 

72. What kind of a man should the 

Mayor be } 

The Mayor ought to be perfectly 
honest, wise, fearless and unselfish. 

73. Why does the Mayor need to be wise ? 

He must be wise because he has to appoint the officers 
who are to control the city's work, and if he is not wise 
he will not select the right men. Also, he has to help 
decide very important que^^tions touching the health, 
safety and prosperity of all the city. 

Let the teacher tell the class some of the questions about which the Mayor has to 
be informed; as, for example, about the water works, the gas supply, the cleaning 
of the streets, etc. 



Curnei ,0/ O^/Zd// 



Cl/y. 1/^1/ Affik'-yarA. 


has to face bad men and thwart them. 


74 * Why must the Mayor be 
fearless } 

He must be fearless because 
he often has to stand against 
seltisli men and say NO to 
harmful plans. Sometimes he 














THE rOUAG CITIZEN 


25 



75. What is one of the grandest tests of a brave man ? 

The really brave man will do what he thinks right, 
even when his own friends are against him. 

76. What must the Mayor sometimes do? 

He may have to stand out for the sake of the city, 
against the opinion of his own friends. 

77. Why ought the Mayor to be unselfish ? 

He ought to be unselfish because a selfish Mayor will 
be looking out for himself, instead of looking out for the 
good of the city. 











26 


THE rOUAG CITIZEN 


THE CITY COUNCIL 


78. Whai servants of the people help the Mayor take 

care of the city ? 

The aldermen, or the members of the City Council. 

Some cities have two boards and some only one. Ask the children how this is 
arranged in their city. 

79. What sort of men are wanted for the aldermen, or 

the City Council } 

We want men who know about business and money. 


80. Why? 

Because the city carries on many kinds of business and 
spends a great deal of money. 


81. What else do we want of our “city 

fathers ” ? 

They ought to be very honorable men. 

82. Why? 

Because if any of them do dishonor¬ 
able things they disgrace us all and in¬ 
jure the city. 

83. What else do we ask of them ? 

They ought to be economical. 

84. What does this mean ? 

To be economical means not to waste 
the money of the city. 

85. How are the Mayor and the mem¬ 

bers of the City Council chosen ? 

The people vote for them on the election day. 



//ousl/nj 

Washington. 


86. Can a man rightly work for his own election ? 

The examples of Washington and General Grant are 
the best answers to this question. The best men are 
modest and wait till the people want them. 






THE MONEY OF THE CITY 

87. What important otficer of the city takes care of the 

money ? 

The treasurer. 

88. Where does the money of the city come from r 

It comes from the people. The money which they 
pay is called a tax. 

89. Do the poor as well as the rich help pay the taxes? 
All the people help pay the cost of the city. For 

instance, the rent of all the houses of the city is higher 
on account of the taxes for the city. 






Parade of the New York Street Sweepers called the “ White Wings” 


90. What do the people get back for what they pay? 
They get the schools for their children; they get pro¬ 
tection for their lives and their property; they get their 
streets paved, cleaned and lighted. 

Name other things which they get. 

91. Why is it mean for anyone to try to dodge his taxes? 
It is mean, because whoever does not pay his share 

makes others pay it and is a shirk. 

Let the teacher, if he chooses, tell the class about any of the other officers of the 
city who help the Mayor, as, for example, the Superintendent of the Streets or the 
Health Department. 

92. What are all the servants of the city for ? 

Their business is to help make the city a safer, 
healthier and happier place for all of us to live in. 

93. What should we call anyone who drew his pay 

without doing his best work for the city ? 

He would be a traitor to his city. 



















OUR STATE 


94 - What is the name of our city ? Name other cities 
or towns in our State. 

95. Name the capital of 

our State. 

96. What is the chief offi¬ 

cer of the State.? 

The Governor. 

97. What is the Governor for 
The Governor looks out 

good of all the State, as the Mayor takes care of the city. 




98. What kind of 
man ought 
the Govern¬ 
or to be ? 

Repeat the answers 
which were given to the 
questions about the May¬ 
or. 


99. What are some of the things which all the people 
of the State own in common ? 

29 



























OUR LAWMAKERS 


100. Whnt body of men assist the Governor in lookin 

out for the good of the State 
The Legislature. 

101. Where do the men who 
make the Legislature 
meet ? 

They meet at the Capital. 

102. What do they do 
They make the laws; and 

they decide how to spend 
money for the good of the State. 

103. How does the State 
have to spend money 
on account of its bad 
citizens ? 

It has to spend a good 
deal of money to support its 
prisons. The rum and the 
whiskey also make many 
persons not only vicious, 




30 


CfQ 

















THE YOUNG CITIZEN 


31 


but sometimes crazy, and the State has to take care 
of them and other crazy persons in insane hospitals. 



Indiana Hospital for the Insane 


104. What does our State do for its good citizens ? 

103. How are men chosen for the Legislature 
The people of the cities and towns vote for repre¬ 
sentatives to go to the Legislature. 


106. What sort of men are wanted for the Legislature 


The same sort of 
men whom we want 
in the City Council. 

Repeat the answer to the same 
question about the City Council. 


107. What high serv¬ 
ants of the peo¬ 
ple assist the 
Governor and 
the Legislature ? 



The State Treasurer, the Board of Education, etc. 


Illustrate methods of voting by an election of class officers. Let the class also vote 
like a Legislature upon the rules which the teacher wishes to have enforced. 
































32 


The United States Capitol at Washington. 













































































































































































Post Office, Chicago 


OUR NATION 


108. From what office do we get our letters? 

We get letters from the Post Office. 

109. What men bring letters to peo¬ 
ple’s doors ? 

The Letter-Carriers. 

110. Who pay for the Letter-Carriers and for the 
Post Office ? 

All the people of the United States pay for the 
Post Office. Whoever buys a postage stamp 
helps pay the cost of the Post Office. 



III. What sort of men are needed in the Post Office? 

The Post Office needs careful, intelligent and faithful 
men. Otherwise, letters would be lost or would go to 
the wrong persons. 


112. What other oersons besides the men and women 
33 




3 


THE YOUNG CITIZEN 


in the Post Office serve the people of the United 
States ? 

The men in the Custom Houses. 

113. What do these men do } 

They help collect taxes for car¬ 
rying on the work of the Govern¬ 
ment. 

114. What sort of men must they be 

They must be exact with their figures, and quite 
honest. 

Explain, if you choose, other ways in which the Nation gets money. 

11^^. What Other servants of the United States arethere.^ 
The soldiers in the Army and the sailors in the Navy. 

116. What sort of men must we have for soldiers and 
sailors.^ 

We must have brave men, and loyal to the flag. 



117. What other brave men do we need in the service 
of the United States } 

We need brave men in the lighthouses along our 
coasts; and brave men for the Life Saving Service. 

Explain what the Life Saving Service is for and what it accomplishes. 














The White House, from the Treasury Building 
(The President’s Home) 


OUR PRESIDENT 


118. Who is the greatest servant of the people of the 
United States? 

The President. 


119. Who is at 

the head of the 
Army and Navy ? 

The President. 


120. Name your Eivorite 

Presidents. 

121. What is needful in a 

good President ? 

He must be President for 
the good of the. people, and 
not for himself. 



The White House 


122. How long does a President stay in office? 

He stays four years. He may also be chosen again. 
35 



















36 


THE YOUNG CITIZEN 



United States Treasury 

123. What are some ot the President’s assistants called ? 
The Secretary of the Treasury, etc. 

Tell what may interest the class about the members of the Cabinet. 



124. Where is the seat of the Government of the United 
States ? 

' In the city of Washington. 



Crotp 

0/ 























Opposite the Capitol in Washington 


OUR CONGRESS 


125. What body of men makes laws for our Nation and 
decides how to spend the people’s money ? 

The Congress of the United States. 


126. What are the two divisions of the Congress ? 

The Senate and the House of Representatives. 

127. How many men does our State send to Congress 


128. For how long a time do they serve? 
The Senators serve for six years, and 

the Representatives two years. 

129. What kind of men do we need in 

Congress ? 

We need honest and patriotic men. 

130. What else do we need in Congress? 
We need education and intelligence. 

131. Why? 



fenht/^ //f 


Because Congress has to vote on very difficult ques¬ 
tions requiring knowledge of all sons of things. 


Let the teacher tell the class some of the things which the present Congress is 
thinking about. 


37 





THE rOVXG CITIZEE 


38 



A National Institution of Learning in Washington City 


132. What more do require of our Congressmen ? 
Tney should be broad-minded men. 

133. Why.? 

Because they have to vote on subjects touching the 
people of the North and the South, the East and the 
West, the rich and the poor, and even the people over 
the seas. 



134. Why is it not enough for a member of Congress to 
vote with his party ? 

Because he is paid by all the people of the United 
States to do the best for all of us. 


















First Chief Justice of the United States 


OUR NATIONAL COURTS 

135. Where would a man be tried who stole letters 
from the mail, or passed counterfeit bills ? 

He would be tried in one of 
the United States Courts. 

136. Why? 

Because he would be break¬ 
ing the laws of the Nation. 
(If he breaks the laws of the 
State he is tried in the State 
courts.) 

137. What great Court of the Nation sits in Washington ? 
The Supreme Court. 



39 





40 


THE YOUNG CITIZEN 


OUR LIBERTIES 

138. What do we mean by saying that people in Amer¬ 
ica enjoy liberty ? 

We mean that our laws treat all of us 
alike, and allow no one privileges over the 
rest. This is what we aim for in America. 

139. What else do we mean by liberty.^ 

We mean, for one thing, that by our 

schools we try to give all the boys and girls 
a fair chance. 

140. Do we give liberty in America to men 
to do whatever they please ? 

«>r 

No. We cannot give liberty to anyone to 
do harm to others. 



141. Who has the most liberty in our country? 

Good and friendly people have the most liberty; as 
good children have the most liberty in their schools. 





















Statue of General U. S. Grant, Chicago 

HOW TO PREVENT WARS 


142. What was the great curse to nations in the old 

times ? 

War was the greatest curse. 

143. What made wars? 

Unjust or hot-headed or cruel people used to bring on 
war. 

144. Is there any danger of war now ? 

There is always danger as long as there are people in 
the world who lose their temper, or have selfish plans. 

145. When two football teams have a difference or a 

quarrel what is better than fighting ? 

The two parties can leave the matter of dispute to the 
umpire or to referees. This is better than fighting. 

146. What is the American way of settling a quarrel be¬ 

tween nations ? 


41 











42 


THE YOUNG CITIZEN 



General W. T. Sherman 


The American way is to leave the matter of dispute be¬ 
tween the Nations to the fairest men who can be found 
and to wait for their decision. 

147. Has this way ever been tried ? 

Yes, many times, especially between England and 
America. 

148. Can it ever be necessary for nations to fight ? 

It might be necessary; for example, if a savage people 
ever attacked our country. 

149. What is a citizen’s duty if he has to defend the life 

of his Nation ? 

He must be brave and loyal, and faithful unto death. 

150. Give examples of American soldiers who hated war 

and loved peace ? 

General Grant and General Sherman. 

Tell something about Grant’s life. 






OUR FLAG 

151. Why do we have a flag ? 

Because the flag stands for our common country. 

152. What do we mean when we salute the flag? 

We mean that we love our country and purpose to 
“stand by ” it. 

153. What is it to “stand by” our flag and our country ? 
To be true, faithful, honorable, generous, patriotic and 

unselfish citizens of America is to stand by the Hag. 


FLAG SALUTE 

Colonel George T. Balch, who was for many years 
an officer in the United States Army, wrote the following 
flag salute which is used daily in many schools. He 
believed this would impress some important ideas. 

We give our Heads and our Hearts to God and our 
Country. One Country! One Language! One Flag! 

The Youth’s Companion salute is as follows: 

I pledge allegiance to my Flag and the Republic 
for which it stands — one Nation, indivisible, with 
liberty and justice for all. 

43 









GREAT SEAL OF THE UNITED STATES 
Full size of the obverse 


SEAL 

On July 4, 1776, after the Declaration of Independ¬ 
ence had been read in the Continental Congress, it was 
“Resolved That Dr. Franklin, Mr. Adams and Mr. Jeffer¬ 
son be a committee, to prepare a device for a Seal of the 
United States of North America.’' The seal has two 
sides. Only two parts of the design as they made it still 
remain, one being the motto E Pluribus Unum, on the 
the obverse and the eye of Providence in a radiant 
triangle on the reverse. 

The description of the Reverse is as follows: A 
pyramid unfinished. In the zenith, an eye in a triangle, 
surrounded with a glory proper. Over the eye 
these words, “ Anmiii Coepiis/’ On the base of the 


44 












THE YOUNG CITIZEN 


45 


pyramid the numerical letters MDCCLXXVI. And under 
neath, the following motto, Novus Or do Seclorum ."" 

The reverse has never been used, not even cut. 
The explanation of both sides, which Vv^as adopted by 
Congress June 20, 1782 is as follows: 

REMARKS AND EXPLANATION 

“The Escutcheon is composed of the chief and pale, 
the two most honourable ordinaries. The pieces, paly, 
represent the several States all joined in one solid com¬ 
pact entire, supporting a Chief, which unites the whole 
and represents Congress. The Motto alludes to this 
Union. The pales in the arms are kept closely united 
by the chief and the chief depends on that Union and 
the strength resulting from it for its support, to denote 
the Confederacy of the United States of America and 
the preservation of their Union through Congress. The 
colours of the pales are those used in the flag of the 
United States of America; White signifies purity and 
innocence. Red, hardiness and valour, and Blue, the 
colour of the Chief signifies vigilance, perseverance and 
justice. The olive branch and arrows denote the power 
of peace and war which is exclusively vested in Con¬ 
gress. The Constellation denotes a new State taking its 
place and rank among other sovereign powers. The 
Escutcheon is born on the breast of an American Eagle 
without any other supporters, to denote that the United 
States ought to rely on their own Virtue. 

“ Reverse. The pyramid signifies Strength and Dura¬ 
tion : The Eye over it and the motto allude to the many 
signal interpositions of Providence in favour of the 





46 . 


THE YOUNG CITIZEN 


American cause. The date underneath is that of the 
Declaration of Independence and the words under it 
signify the beginning of the new American Era, which 
commences from that date.’' 



FLAG NOTES 

The school-house flag should be in the care of a flag 
committee, who should keep it in perfect repair. The 
committee may consist of boys or girls or both, chosen 
by the teacher or elected by the children, each week 
or month, in recognition of their merits as citizens. The 
committee should raise the flag at the opening of school, 
in the morning and lower it at the close of school in the 
afternoon. As nearly as practicable, let the school follow 
the custom at Army posts, and on warships where, 
while the flag is being raised or lowered, the soldiers or 
marines present arms, officers not on duty and civil¬ 
ians uncover their heads and the band plays “America” 
at the raising and “ The Star Spangled Banner” at the 
lowering of the flag. The flag should not be allowed to 
toucn the ground or the floor. 

When the flag is to be at half-mast, raise it to the 
mast-head, then drop it into place. Before lowering it, 
the flag should be raised again to the mast-head. 





V 


f 


t 


V 


V 


;V 




■ -I 


r < 



\ ' 
\ 


4 ^ 


j’ 


' \ 


y 


i - •. V 

_ ' S 

’ , ‘ ' r 


/ 


I 




/ 


<s 


f 


\ 



% 




(- 







I ' 



i 



. ( 



\ 


» 

4 

1 - 




y- 


‘I - 

. u 


l« . ' 




1 


.1 ► 


J 




N 


' I 


f 


'f . 

X 


t 


4 ' 




1 


\ 


I* 




1 


J 


A 



i 


i ■ • * 



» 







• « 





t 

: vv*..,' • 


i I 


■ r ■ , ■ : v: , ■‘'If •’■ ■ ‘ W^ 




••■>;‘:vX'. 


•ttA 


library of congress 



0 019 308 884 3 


(4 



vriiiilfcifff 



• A*: *:,.. 


•«.< 


. . •?::f 

X.«•Itir 








:;<; •- 





•M) 

















